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- <text id=89TT0838>
- <link 93TG0024>
- <title>
- Mar. 27, 1989: Into The Pipeline
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Mar. 27, 1989 Is Anything Safe?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 38
- Into the Pipeline
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Anastasia Toufexis
- </p>
- <p> People are just as anxious about water as they are about
- food. That is understandable, since roughly 1,000 contaminants
- have been detected in public supplies and virtually every major
- water source is vulnerable to pollution. About half the U.S.
- population relies on surface water -- from rivers, lakes and
- reservoirs that may harbor industrial wastes and pesticides
- washed off fields by rain. The other half uses groundwater --
- from underground wells and springs that may be tainted by
- chemicals slowly seeping in from toxic-waste dumps. In some
- areas where groundwater supplies are being gradually depleted,
- the chemical pollutants are becoming more concentrated.
- </p>
- <p> The EPA sets standards for water safety, but has been slow
- to formulate limits. So far, maximum levels have been decided
- for some 30 contaminants, less than half the number ordered by
- Congress. Moreover, critics complain that there is no monitoring
- of water in the home.
- </p>
- <p> Most pollutants are probably not present in large enough
- concentrations to pose significant health hazards. But there
- are a few worrisome exceptions. Radon, a radioactive gas that
- gets into the air from soil and rocks, is also present in some
- water supplies. Rick Cothern, a member of the EPA's Science
- Advisory Board, points out that when the contaminated water
- pours out of a tap or shower head, the radon can pass into the
- air inside a home. He believes that radon from water may cause
- a few hundred cases of cancer each year. Those cases might be
- prevented if municipalities or homeowners installed equipment
- designed to aerate water -- and thus remove radon -- before it
- enters houses.
- </p>
- <p> By far the most widespread chemical danger in water is
- lead, which can cause high blood pressure, arm and leg pains,
- nausea and vomiting. Lead is especially hazardous to children,
- since it impairs the development of brain cells. The EPA
- estimates that at least 42 million Americans are exposed to
- unacceptably high levels of lead, and the U.S. Public Health
- Service says that perhaps 9 million children are at least
- slightly affected by it.
- </p>
- <p> The contamination comes from old lead piping and solder
- that have been used in plumbing for generations. These materials
- are gradually being replaced in homes and water systems. Says
- Eugene Rosov, who runs a water-testing company in Manchester,
- N.H.: "The '60s was the decade we attacked lead in paint. In the
- '70s we went after lead in the air from gasoline emissions. Now
- we are doing something about lead in drinking water."
- </p>
- <p> What individuals can and should do is have their water
- tested for lead by a certified lab. If the level is too high,
- they can investigate ways to deal with the problem or switch to
- bottled water for drinking and cooking. Even then, caution is
- called for: some bottled waters contain many of the same
- contaminants that tap water does. The only way to know what is
- in the bottled water is to have it tested too.
- </p>
- <p> But no matter how many times people test their water or how
- carefully they read the labels of food packages or how closely
- they scan the newspapers for reports of pesticide scares, they
- can never be 100% sure that what they eat and drink is 100%
- safe. Such a guarantee has never existed and never will.
- Nonetheless, the odds of surviving the daily chemical feast seem
- pretty good. If food and water were as dangerous as some people
- think, a lot more of us would be getting sick. U.S. food and
- water supplies have undeniable problems that need increased
- attention from the Government and consumers. Even so, the
- current climate of panic and paranoia is an overreaction. </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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